Quick tips for winter hydration

□ don't use a bladder system (platypus/ camelbak) - the water in the tube/mouthpiece will freeze, and if the water in the bladder freezes, it may puncture the bladder.

□ use a water bottle (wide mouth works well)

□ flip your water bottle upside down when storing it.  The surface of the water will freeze, but since it'll be in the bottom of your bottle, you will still be able to drink out of it.

□ the newer double walled water bottles are great (though super heavy) in cold weather. (Hydro, yeti)

□ don't forget to drink! Staying hydrated is key to staying warm.

□ if you use a water filter, keep your filter warm/don't let it freeze with water in it. It will be useless until you can thaw it out.

The Norwegians have a saying, "there's no such thing as bad weather, just bad gear." - Part 1: jackets

Cold weather calls for top notch cold weather gear. The Norwegians have a saying, "there's no such thing as bad weather, just bad clothes." If you spend enough time outside in inclement weather, the truth of this starts to sink in. If you spend a lot of time outside in the winter, you will, no doubt, come to the conclusion that I reached. Namely, just invest in some good gear! Yes, each piece in likely going to set you back at least $150 - $200 (sometimes more). But when you are warm, dry, comfortable, well rested, happy and ready for more fun, you will know that it was money well spent.

I love my The North Face Triclimate.  I got it a couple years ago on an end of the season clearance sale.

The North Face make two types of 3-in-1 jackets. One has a fleece liner and one had a synthetic puffy liner. They also feature "zip-in" compatibility.  Which means that if you buy one with one type of liner, you can get the other type and swap it out. More layering possibilities, yeah!

Mine is the kind with the synthetic puffy liner, pit zips, powder skirt and storm flap. This thing is a beast and keeps me super warm. Most of the time I just wear the dryvent shell with the pit zips open. When I add a sweatshirt or fleece, I'm  usually good down to the 30's. If it's windy, or really cold I'll add the puffy and hood. This is a jacket made for layering and made for adjusting to whatever you're doing outside.

This jacket, along with a couple base layers and mid layers, was a crucial part of keeping me warm on a -20°F day at Valley Forge.

What's your favorite jacket for winter fun?

How not to break a tooth while winter hiking

First of all, the disclaimer. I have not been paid by any company to endorse their snacks. Nor has any company provided me with free snacks to review. (Although, if they would like to, I'm open to considering it!) These are my opinions, based on my experiences actually hiking and backpacking in cold and extremely cold weather.

If you don't know already, you need to eat more when you're outside in cold weather, because your body needs the extra calories to keep you warm. If ever there was a time to throw the restrictive diet out the window, this is it!

Cold weather snacking provides its own challenges because, it's cold. Specifically things to consider, can you open the packaging without taking your gloves off? Will you break a tooth if it freezes? Will it freeze well?

Most packaged snacks come with tear away packaging (like a granola bar, or pretzels). Alternatively, you can repackage them at home into zip lock bags. Depending on how beefy your gloves or mitts are, one might appeal to you more than the other. I personally find that I can tear packages open with my teeth, so that works for me.

The other big consideration is what happens when your snack freezes? For something like a thin chocolate bar, or m&m's, that might not be a big deal. I love chewy style granola bars, but let me tell you, when they freeze, watch out! They will freeze nearly as hard as a rock. You do not want to try to chomp down on that.  On the other hand, persistently cold temperatures create some snacking possibilities that you might not otherwise consider. Cheese, for example, typically does not freeze hard. And crackers, even when frozen, are quite good, and not likely to give you dental issues. Also, cake like snacks that might typically squish into mush become a more attractive possibility.

The main work around for the problem of frozen snacks, is to decide what you will want to eat next and store it inside your coat until your next snack break. That will give it time to warm up, and not chill you too much in the process.

So my favorites?

Chocolate and candy, obviously. Especially Reese's peanut butter cups, even frozen they aren't terribly solid, and the protein in the the peanut butter is good for muscle recovery. (Right?)

I also like larabar. They are made with real food, and fruit is usually the primary ingredient. Now, they will freeze solid if it's cold enough. If it's slightly warmer, you get a hard toffee like consistency that might pull a filling out, so I definitely warm these up before eating them. But every flavor is so delicious, and fruit sugars definitely are easier on my stomach if I'm doing a high output activity.

Honey Stinger gels are my top choice if I'm doing a long run in cold weather. They don't freeze solid, they have a ton of carbs for quick energy, they're made from (mostly) honey, and, they have one that's caffeinated. What's not to love?

So hopefully, despite the artic temperatures sweeping the nation, you will find a way to get outside soon, and enjoy some great snacks while you're out there.

Difficult trails

"Difficult trails often lead to beautiful destinations. "

Tussey ridge and John Wert path - nice trails, and cairn hiking all in one

About a 7.5 mile loop of classic central PA hiking.

Start from the parking area at Bear Meadows Natural Area. Hike north, either along the road, or take the Jean Aron Path towards North Meadows Road.

Across from the North Meadows Road parking area (alternate parking here), look for the the red blazed Tussey Mountain Trail. This is a multiuse trail, so keep an eye out for mountain bikers. It is a fairly gentle and smooth climb to the top of Treaster Kettle.  You will follow the ridge top for a couple miles, passing the intersection with the Kettle Trail. As you are hiking along the ridge top, you will get a couple glimpses of State College through Galbraith Gap to your left. Scenic Bechtol Gap to your right (east) leads to Colyer Lake.  

This is a fairly unusual ridge in that it is extremely narrow, bordering on knife-like  (at least by local standards).  You will also hike through a recovering forest fire area. This ridge suffered a wildfire in 2006, and even 11 years later (at the time of this writing) you can still find charred logs and dead trees. Evidence of how very permanent man's impact on wild areas can be.

At the time that I hiked this, the sign for Shingle Path was missing, but the post was there, and it's an obvious trail down to the right. This is a hiking only trail, as it is extremely steep with moments of hanging on to rocks and roots along the decent. As you reach the bottom of the mountain, the trail seems to dead end in a clearing, although some casting about in a more or less straight line down should bring you to the last few blazes and Treaster-Kettle Road. If you turn right here, you can road walk back to your car. Alternatively, you can continue across the road on Shingle Path, and up the next ridge (Little Mountain), although we will only be going to the bench, and not all the way to the next ridge top. Shingle Path is clearly a hiking path here as well, as the trail has been pretty effectively blocked with ditches and piles of rubble. Carefully work your way through this obstacle course, and you will shortly be back on a nice trail. Eventually you will reach a gas pipeline. Our trail continues across, but you can cut the corner by turning right and staying on the pipeline and catching the John Wert Path in a bit.

Shingle Path from this point becomes very unique, as there are no longer blazes, but the trail is marked by cairns (rock piles) as you continue up the hill. Feel free to add a rock to each cairn in thanks as you pass by.  Eventually you will reach the top of Little Mountain (really a bench below Thickhead Mountain) and descend briefly to Sinking  Creek. The trail appears to dead end into a cabin's parking area, turn right here and pick up the John Wert Path. You are once again on a multiuse path, so watch out for motor vehicles prior to passing the gate, and for mountain bikes at any point from here back to your car.

Follow the wide, well marked trail about two miles, very gradually uphill and back to Bear Meadows Road. When you reach the road, turn right and you will see your vehicle.

Like many of my ridge walks, this is lovely in the fall and spring when the leaves are down and you can get better views. The last couple miles take you along the Sinking Creek and are very picturesque. Shingle Path is a classic central PA trail in that it descends straight down a mountain, and straight up the next one. In addition, the opportunity to cairn hike, is pretty unique in the area and something to try out, if you've never had an opportunity to do so.